Tooth abfractions are not as commonly discussed as cavities or gum disease, but they are essential to dental health. Abfractions appear as small, wedge-shaped notches at the gumline of a tooth, often causing sensitivity and weakening of the tooth structure. Understanding what causes these lines or abfractions and how to prevent them can help maintain strong, healthy teeth.
What are Tooth Abfractions?
Tooth abfractions are defined as cervical lesions that occur at the gumline area of a tooth. Unlike cavities caused by bacterial decay, abfractions result from mechanical forces exerted on the teeth. These forces cause the enamel and dentin to erode, forming small, V-shaped notches at the gumline.
Causes of Tooth Abfractions
Bruxism (Teeth Grinding and Clenching): Bruxism, or the habitual clenching and grinding of teeth, is one of the primary causes of tooth abfractions. The excessive forces exerted during grinding and clenching can create stress points at the gumline, leading to the breakdown of tooth structure. This repetitive mechanical stress can cause the enamel to crack and the dentin to wear away, forming abfractions.
Malocclusion (Misaligned Bite): A misaligned bite, or malocclusion, can also contribute to the development of abfractions. When the teeth do not come together properly, it can create uneven pressure on certain teeth during biting and chewing. An uneven distribution of biting forces can lead to the formation of abfractions at the gumline of the affected teeth.
Excessive Tooth Brushing: Overzealous or improper tooth brushing techniques can cause mechanical abrasion of the tooth surface, particularly at the gumline. Using a toothbrush with hard bristles or applying too much pressure while brushing can wear away the tooth’s enamel and dentin, leading to abfractions. It is important to use a soft-bristled toothbrush and gentle brushing techniques to avoid this issue.
Acidic Erosion: Although not a direct cause, acidic erosion can weaken the tooth’s structure and place it at risk for abfractions. Regularly having acidic drinks and foods like sodas, citrus fruits, and sports drinks can erode the tooth’s enamel and dentin. This erosion can reduce the tooth’s resistance to mechanical forces, increasing the likelihood of abfractions.
Aging and Wear: With age, teeth naturally undergo wear and tear. The cumulative effect of years of chewing, grinding, and exposure to various stressors can weaken the enamel and dentin, making the teeth more prone to abfractions. Additionally, receding gums, common with aging, can expose the cervical areas of the teeth, increasing the risk of abfractions.
Prevention and Treatment of Tooth Abfractions
Manage Bruxism: If you regularly grind or clench your teeth, it is crucial to seek treatment for bruxism. A custom-made night guard may be recommended to wear while sleeping, which can protect teeth from the excessive forces of grinding and clenching.
Correct Malocclusion: If you have a misaligned bite, consult your dentist or orthodontist. Orthodontic treatments, such as dental braces or teeth aligner trays, can correct the alignment of your teeth and reduce the uneven distribution of forces, preventing abfractions.
Practice Gentle Brushing: Use a soft-bristled toothbrush and gentle brushing techniques to avoid causing abrasion at the gum line. Brush your teeth without using a back-and-forth scrubbing motion, and avoid applying too much pressure.
Limit Acidic Foods and Drinks: Reduce or limit your consumption of acidic foods and drinks to protect your enamel from erosion. Rinse your mouth with water after having acidic substances, then wait at least half an hour before brushing your teeth to allow your tooth enamel to remineralize.
Regular Dental Check-Ups: Visit your dentist or dental professional regularly for check-ups and teeth cleanings. They can regularly monitor the health of your teeth and gums, identify early signs of abfractions, and provide appropriate treatment and preventive measures.
Desensitizing Treatments: If you experience sensitivity due to abfractions, your dentist may recommend desensitizing treatments, such as fluoride varnishes or desensitizing toothpaste. These treatments can help reduce sensitivity and protect the exposed dentin.
Regular dental visits, gentle oral hygiene practices, and addressing underlying issues such as bruxism and malocclusion are key to preventing and treating tooth abfractions. Contact us to schedule your dental visit today.